9.9 MC Answers and Review

⛔STOP!⛔ Before you look at the answers make sure you gave this practice quiz a try so you can assess your understanding of the concepts covered in unit 9. Click here for the practice questions: AP Psychology Unit 9 Multiple Choice Questions.

Facts about the test: The AP Psychology exam has 100 multiple choice questions and you will be given 1 hour and 10 minutes to complete the section. That means it should take you around 11 minutes to complete 15 questions.

A. Central Route of Persuasion

B. Compliance

C. Self-Serving Bias

Answer: Self-serving bias is the tendency to take credit for good outcomes than bad ones. The central route of persuasion involves being persuaded based on the content of the message, and compliance is acquiescing to another's request.

A. Door-in-the-Face

C. Deindividuation

D. Low-balling

Answer: Deindividuation is not a compliance technique. It is illustrated in large groups when persons lose self-constraint when they feel anonymous and aroused. Door-in-the-Face is when a large request is denied and followed by a smaller request which actually is the target of the request. Low balling is a compliance method when the persuader gets a person to agree to a low ball offer they have no intention of keeping and then increases the price. Often used in sales.

A. Prejudice

B. False-Consensus Effect

D. In-group bias

Answer: False consensus is a tendency for people to overestimate the number of people who agree with them. Prejudice is an attitude, usually negative, towards a particular group of people, and in-group bias stems from a belief that the group to whom a person belongs is thought to be good. Just world we assume we are good and that bad things happen to people because they somehow brought it on themselves. EX: people are unemployed because they are lazy. We are not lazy; therefore, we are not unemployed.

B. A pianist performs a difficult piece in front of a large audience and makes many mistakes.

C. You jump into a conversation that has already started and are told, "We are talking about something else." After an awkward silence, you look around the room nervously certain everyone else has heard.

D. Working in a group and one of the members does not put in much effort and is less motivated to provide input or do his/her share.

Answer: Playing a difficult piece and messing up in front of a large audience is social impairment. Jumping in and getting "told" and feeling as if everyone is looking at you is the spotlight effect. Working in a group example describes social loafing.

A. Groupthink

C. Fundamental Attribution Error

D. Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Answer: Groupthink occurs when members of the group desire harmony over critical thinking in decision making. Fundamental attribution error is to overestimate another's dispositional factor and underestimate situational factors. Cognitive dissonance occurs when a person has inconsistent attitudes and behaviors which causes them discomfort and mental tension. In the case of Kitty Genovese, as she was being attacked, many heard her screams but believed others would intervene or call the police. A diffusion of responsibility is the tendency for people to assume someone else will take action so they do not need to do so.

A. Interdependent

B. Us-group goals and solidarity

D. Behavior reflects social norms and roles

Answer: Individualistic cultures are focused on independence and identity of individual traits, personal achievement, and behavior that reflects one's personality and attitudes. All the other options focus on a collectivist society.

B. in-group bias

C. prejudice

D. self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer: Although all of these answers are somewhat related, ethnocentrism specifically involves people from one culture becoming so entrenched in their own culture, that they see it as the standard by which members judge other cultures.

A. Solomon Asch

B. Phil Zimbardo

C. Leon Festinger

Answer: In 1963, Stanley Milgram's famous shock machine experiment tested the effects of conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. He set up "teachers" the actual subjects and "learners" who were confederates in the experiment. Teachers gave the learners a "shock" from a fake shock machine, for every wrong answer. 65% of the teachers went up to the highest shock level- 450 volts when told by the authority figure, "Please continue." This experiment is unethical due to its deception and undue stress and harm to the teachers.

B. Stanley Milgram

C. Philip Zimbardo

D. Walter Mischel

Answer: Asch's subjects believed they were taking a line acuity test when they were actually taking part in an experiment to measure conformity to group pressure.

A. Leon Festinger

B. Muzafer Sherif

D. Walter Mischel

Answer: Zimbardo's famous Stanford Prison experiment took place in the psychology building of the university in 1973. Subjects were randomly assigned to the role of prisoner or prison guard in a simulated prison environment. The experiment which was to last 2 weeks ended after 6 days due in part to Zimbard's lack of objectivity and the undue stress and harm carried out by the guards on the prisoners.

A. the test covered material that had not been adequately covered in class.

B. he was not given enough time to complete the test.

C. his parents had an argument the evening before the test.

Answer: Fred's teacher explains his poor performance on the math test as a dispositional factor-unmotivated-vs any situational factors described in the other answer choices.

A. bystander intervention effect

B. social exchange theory

D. just world phenomenon

Answer: Altruism is behavior motivated by helping others selflessly without seeking benefit for one's own self.

A. just world phenomenon

C. foot-in-the-door

D. social exchange theory

Answer: Reciprocity norm suggests that humans need to reciprocate in kind the action of another person.

A. reciprocity norm

B. cognitive dissonance

D. normative social influence

Answer: Self-disclosure is a process of communication when a person reveals and shares with another personal information such as dreams, thoughts, feelings, fears, goals, etc...It often leads to intimacy if it is reciprocated.

B. informational social influence

C. groupthink

D. social facilitation

Answer: Normative and informational social influence are two reasons why people conform to a group. Normative is to change one's mind or behavior to"fit in" with the group. Informational is when a person may lack knowledge or expertise and looks to the group for guidance and goes along for that reason.