APUSH Period 2 Review (1607-1754)

Period 2: Colonial America (1607-1754)

PERIOD 2 DATES TO KNOW

PERIOD 2 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

1. In what ways did Europeans develop different patterns of colonization?
2. How did European colonization of North America intensify conflicts between colonizers and Natives?
3. What impact did the increase in exchanges within the Atlantic World have on colonial societies?

Past Essay Questions from Period 2

PERIOD 2 KEY CONCEPTS - COURSE OUTLINE

2.1. European Colonization of North America

1. Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers differed in their goals and development.
   1. Spanish colonizers extracted wealth and developed coercive labor systems, which included converting Natives to Christianity.
   2. French & Dutch colonizers relied on trade alliances and intermarriage to acquire wealth.
   3. English colonizers included a large number of British migrants who settled on land taken from Native Americans and developed segregated societies.
2. British colonies on the Atlantic coast had regional differences.
   1. Chesapeake & North Carolina prospered from exporting tobacco on the backs indentured servants and African slaves.
   2. New England colonies developed small Puritan towns with family farms.
   3. Middle colonies exported cereal crops and attracted diverse European migrants.
   4. Southern colonies developed large plantations to export staple crops, which depended on enslaved Africans for labor.
   5. Britain left the colonies alone to develop self-governing democratic institutions.
   6. Exam Tip: Comparison is super important in period 2! Make sure to read up on Comparisons in Period 2
3. Conflict between European rivals and American Indians continued.
   1. Atlantic economy expanded based on exchange of goods and slaves: Check out the Transatlantic Trade System ⛵
   2. Continued trade further spread diseases, which wiped out native populations.
   3. Europeans allied with, armed, and fought American Indian tribes.
   4. Colonists and European leaders differed on interests, which sparked issues.
   5. Military confrontations occurred between Europeans and natives (Metacom’s War).
   6. Native resisted through revolts (Pueblo Revolt).

2.2. Connections between Britain & the Colonies

1. British colonies were increasingly connected to Britain as they developed.
   1. Religious & ethnic pluralism sparked debates which were enhanced by the First Great Awakening and Enlightenment.
   2. British colonies were Anglicanized overtime by English political models and trade.
   3. Britain tried to develop a coherent imperial administration over the colonies, but conflicts with Native Americans made things difficult.
   4. Colonists increasingly resisted imperial control as they experienced greater diversity, independence, and evolving political thought.
2. Slavery developed across all British colonies.
   1. All British colonies had slaves. New England used less, Chesapeake & South more, but most enslaved Africans were sent to the Caribbean and South America.
   2. New laws were created to segregate and oppress communities based on race.
   3. Africans resisted in overt and covert ways to maintain traditions.

LIST OF CONCEPTS & VOCABULARY FROM PERIOD 2

• Act of Toleration
• Anne Hutchinson
• Bacon's Rebellion
• cash crops
• City upon a hill
• Cotton Mather
• First Great Awakening
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• George Whitfield
• Glorious Revolution
• Great Migration
• Halfway Covenant
• headright system
• indentured servants
• James Oglethorpe
• Jamestown
• John Rolfe
• John Winthrop
• Jonathan Edwards
• Lord Calvert of Maryland
• Mayflower Compact
• mercantilism
• Metacom's War
• Middle Passage
• Navigation Acts
• Olaudah Equiano
• Pequot War
• Pilgrims
• Plymouth Colony
• Pocahontas
• Powhatan Confederacy

• proprietary colonies
• Puritans
• Quakers
• Roger Williams
• royal colonies
• Salutary Neglect
• Separatists
• Stono Rebellion
• tobacco farms
• triangular trade
• Virginia Company
• Virginia House of Burgesses
• William Penn